In the vast landscapes of the Midwest and Great Plains, wind energy has found a pathway for development. However, a new frontier for renewable energy is emerging on the horizon in the form of offshore wind turbines in the United States.
The Biden administration has set an ambitious target to deploy up to 30 gigawatts of offshore wind energy by 2030, which would be sufficient to power 10 million homes, constituting approximately 7% of the country’s energy capacity. Harnessing wind at sea offers advantages, as it tends to be stronger and more consistent than on land, making it a more reliable source of renewable energy.
Presently, the U.S. already has two operational offshore wind farms. One wind farm is near Block Island and features five turbines. The other is a pilot project with just two turbines off the coast of Virginia.
Dominion Energy is planning to expand this project by constructing 176 turbines starting in 2024, making it the largest offshore wind farm in the nation. Moreover, several other sites along the East Coast are currently in different stages of research, evaluation and construction to accommodate additional projects. For instance, a specialized ship is presently installing a 62-turbine project off of Martha’s Vineyard to power more than 400,000 homes.
While offshore wind energy is relatively new to the U.S., Europe has been harnessing it for decades. Denmark, for instance, installed the world’s very first offshore wind farm in 1991, and the U.K. currently operates over 40 wind farms.
Despite the potential benefits, there are concerns and apprehensions surrounding the technology in the U.S.
Building and maintaining turbines in the water is notably expensive. Furthermore, the visual impact of vast offshore wind farms and their potential effects on tourism, the fishing industry and real estate values along the coastal areas are subjects of debate.
Additionally, concerns about the impact on marine life have been raised by conservation groups and politicians alike. The Department of Energy has acknowledged that “wind plants can impact local wildlife.” However, there is currently no evidence of significant harm to marine mammals from existing offshore projects.